Introduction to Universal Design for Learning

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a research-based framework that helps you design more inclusive and flexible learning environments from the start. Instead of waiting to adapt our teaching when a barrier arises, UDL encourages us to proactively remove common obstacles and support all learners, particularly those with disabilities, multilingual backgrounds, or other diverse needs.

Much like a curb cut benefits both wheelchair users and parents with strollers, UDL strategies benefit a wide range of students. At PSU, UDL is one of the core frameworks that supports accessibility alongside the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). While WCAG focuses on the technical access to digital content (e.g., screen reader compatibility), UDL focuses on inclusive pedagogy that supports flexible engagement, representation, and assessment.

By applying UDL in your course, you can support student agency, reduce <a class=”btn-tooltip” style=”text-decoration: none;” title=”” href=”#” data-toggle=”tooltip” data-placement=”top” data-original-title=”Mental effort required to process information” data-title=””><strong>cognitive load</strong></a>, and improve persistence and success for a wide range of learners.

UDL is about designing smarter from the start, not adding extra work to respond to barriers after they arise. The UDL framework is organized around three core principles:

Multiple means of engagement refers to how students are motivated and sustained in learning. Offer different ways for students to participate and connect with content.

• Use flexible participation options: verbal, written, visual, or one-on-one.
• Offer some choice in assignment topics or formats.
• Build in low-stakes check-ins or reflection opportunities.

Multiple means of representation applies to how students receive and understand information. Present content in a variety of formats to support diverse learning styles.

• Pair readings with visuals, audio, or video.
• Summarize or map out complex ideas using diagrams or guided notes.
• Allow students to review materials in advance or at their own pace.

Multiple means of action and expression is how students demonstrate their learning. Let students show what they know in different ways.

• Provide an “assessment menu” that aligns with learning goals.
• Scaffold complex assignments with checklists or interim deadlines.
• Allow use of multimedia, spoken word, or visuals in place of traditional essays (when appropriate).